Draw works



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Filed Aug. 3l, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m e 3 w. f w .m

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Patented Aug. l, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

My invention relates to well drilling apparatus, and particularly to thedraw-works for handling tools, drill, pipes and casings.

It has been customary heretofore to construct the draw-works in a numberof independent parts which were mounted at various places on the frameof the derrick. The most essential parts of the draw-works are, the drumshaft on which is mounted the hoisting drum and sprockets with changespeed clutches and a line shaft with sprockets for power take-off fordriving the hoisting drum and a rotary drilling machine. An oldconventional way of mounting the draw-works is as follows: Two or threeposts are set up in line at one side of the derrick with their lowerends secured to the derrick sill and with their upper ends fastened tohead boards extending across the derrick and secured to the derricklegs; bearing boxes for the line shaft are mounted at the upper ends ofthe posts while bearing boxes for the drum shaft are mounted on theposts below the line shaft boxes; brake bands are mounted on the angesof the hoisting drum with one end of the bands anchored indirectly tothe floor and with the other end made fast to a lever fulcrumed on thefloor; a number of small loose parts comprising the operating mechanismfor the brakes and clutches are fastened at different points on thederrick iloor to suit the notion of the driller. 30 The draw. works isdriven by an engine set on the ground outside the derrick; the drivechain from the engine is passed up and over the sprocket on the lineshaft at an incline depending on the height of the line shaft above theengine. When power is applied by the engine the chain pull at the top ofthe posts tends to overturn the posts about their fastening to thefloor, and to resist this overturning force strong bracing and guywiring of the posts is required. When the brake is applied, the brakeband pull is transferred to the derrick oor, and strong reinforcement ofthe floor sills is necessary to resist the action of the brake loading.On account of the number of loose parts the draw works consists of andbe- 45 cause of different derricks in different elds, the`interrhangeability of parts for renewals or repairs i's diiicult if notimpossible, as at least some of the parts have to be altered in thefield to fit. It requires the skill of a millwright to set up such adraw-works. and, after all, on account of its makeup the whole is atemporary contrivance.

I In order to overcome the above indicated disadvantages of the old typeof draw-works, the present invention provides a draw-works in which 55all parts of the machine are mounted on a one and 23.

(Cl. Z-19) piece, or integral, base which is adapted to be easily set upon the floor of a derrick. The various parts of the machine areassembled on this base at the point of manufacture, so that the completedraW-works can be transported, handled and set up as an independentunit. Another feature of the invention is the provision in a unitarydraw-works of a line shaft so positioned with respect to the engine andhoisting drum as to effect an approximately horizontal chain drive forhoisting and drilling. Another feature is the provision of anindependent drive for the rotary when drilling and for the drum whenhoisting by means of power take-oli from the line shaft. Still anotherfeature is the provision in a unitary draw-works of casings for all ofthe sprockets and chains built into the base of the machine.

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent hereinafter.

Referring now to the. accompanying drawings for a detailed descriptionof a machine embodying my invention.

Figure l is a plan view;

Figure 2 is a side elevation; and

Figure 3 is a front elevation.

Figure 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Figure 3. 'I'he entire mechanism ismounted on a base 10 which is adapted to be secured to the floor of aderrick by means of bolts 11. The base comprises, in addition to ahorizontal floor plate, vertical parallel side plates 12. The base is aone-piece or integral structure, and may be a steel casting or may beformed of structural shapes welded together. The vertical side plates 12have the form of a truncated right angled triangle with theirperpendicular edges facing the engine by which the draw-works areoperated. The bearing boxes for the line shaft 13 are secured to thevertical edges of plates 12, while the bearing boxes for the drum shaft14 are secured to the hypothenuse edges of said plates. The shaft 15 forthe cat heads is mounted in pedestals 15 secured to the tops of plates12.

Line shaft 13 carries near its mid-point a 100 sprocket wheel 16 whichis driven by a sprocket chain 1'7 passing over a sprocket 18 secured tothe engine shaft, as diagrammatically indicated in Figure 2. Looselymounted on shaft 13 adjacent one end thereof are sprocket wheels 19 and20, and loosely mounted on said shaft adjacent the other end aresprocket wheels 21, 22 Sprocket wheel 20 is connected by a chain with asimilar sprocket wheel 24 xedv 0n shaft 15 which carries the cat heads25. Sprocket wheel 19 is connected by a chain to a large sprocket 26loose on the drum shaft 14, these connections being adapted to effect alow speed of drum 27. Sprockets 21 and 22 are connected respectively tosprockets 21' and 28 on the drum shaft and are adapted respectively toeffect a high and an intermediate speed of the drum. Sprocket wheel 23is connected to a smaller sprocket 30 on a short horizontal shaftsupported on the base below drum shaft 14, and rotating with sprocket 30is a sprocket 31 which is connected by a chain 32 to a sprocket 33 on ashaft geared to the rotary 34, as indicated dagrammatically in Figure l.

Sliding clutchl members 35 and 36 on the line shaft 13 are adapted topositively clutch sprocket wheels 19, 21 and 22 to said shaft. Theseclutch members are operated by a hand lever 37 fulcrumed on base 10 atone side thereof and connected to a bell crank 38 which, in turn, isconnected through well known mechanism (not shown) to the sliding clutchmembers 35 and 36.

The power take-off for the rotary is controlled by a sliding clutchmember 39 adapted to clutch sprocket wheel 23 to shaft 13. This clutchmember 39 is operated by a hand lever 40, a bell crank 41, and othersuitable connections (not shown). When the rotary drive is thrown in,the drum drive is thrown out and vice versa.

For selecting the different speeds of rotation of the drum, there areprovided pedal levers 42, 43, and 44. Lever 42 is connected through abell crank 45 to a clutch 46 adapted to clutch sprocket 21' to the drumshaft, and hence the operation of this lever, after the drum drive hasbeen thrown in, will effect a high speed of the drum. Lever 43 isconnected through a bell crank 47 to a clutch member 48 which is adaptedto clutch sprocket wheel 28 to the drum shaft to effect an intermediatespeed of the drum. Lever 44 is connected through a bell crank 49 to aclutch member 50 which is adapted to clutch sprocket wheel 26 to thedrum shaft, and hence the operation of this lever will effect a lowspeed of the drum.

The drum brake illustrated is of the band type,

'comprising a band 51 passing over each of the two drum flanges. Theupper ends of these bands are suspended from brackets 52 which have footportions bolted to the base 10 and which rise between shafts 13 and 15and have their upper ends hooked over shaft 15 and connected to thebrake bands by spring bolts 53. The lower ends of the brake bands aresecured to the crank portions of a horizontal shaft 54 pivoted inbearings 55 rising from the base 10, one end of said shaft beingattached to, or integrally formed with, a lever arm 56. The brake bandseach have flaps 57 connected by adjustable rods 58 to the ends of anequalizing lever 59 pivoted at its center to a lug on the base 10. Whenlever 56 is operated to apply the brakes, the friction between the brakebands and the drum tends to pull the bands in the direction of rotationof the drum, or counter-clockwise on the drawings. These frictionalforces are equalized on the two drum flanges by the equalizing lever 59and are thereby transmitted to the base.

For insuring safety to the operators, all of the sprocket wheels andchains are incased, or covered, as clearly shown in the drawings. Theindividual covers are made in two parts, one part built in with the base10 and the other part removable to expose the wheels and chains when itbecomes necessary to inspect or repair them,

each movable part of the cover being provided with an eyelet 60 for itsmanipulation.

The following advantageous features of the above described constructionshould be particularly noted. The line shaft 13 is located below thecentral horizontal plane of the drum, which location makes it feasibleto have a horizontal chain drive from the engine to the line shaft andalso a substantially horizontal chain drive from the latter to thehoisting drum and rotary. The advantage of a horizontal chain driveresides ln the preservation of proper contact of the chains with thesprockets, and furthermore a drive of this character will require lesscare and adjustment. The low positioning of the line shaft also addsstability to the draw works, in that it eliminates the overturningtendency of the draw-works by the engine chain pull, which is about inline with the level of the floor, and consequently no extra bracing isnecessary, as is the case in the old type of draw-works in which theline shaft is above the drum. The power take-off for driving thecatheads is by means of chain and sprocket on the line shaft. Forconvenience of the operators the location of the catheads is lower thanis possible in .the old type of draw-works. The brake is of the bandtype and differs from that used on the old type of draw-works in thatthere is no part of the brake or its operating mechanism anchored to thederrick floor; the action and reaction forces due to brake loading areresisted by the base of the machine. The chain casings are built inpermanently into the base.

The invention obviously provides a machine which is adapted to be fittedand assembled at the place of manufacture, insuring that all parts willfunction as required; a machine that can be set up on a derrick as aunit, requiring no additional parts for its satisfactory performance; amachine which can be set up in a derrick by ordinary labor; and,finally, a machine which will require a minimum expenditure for itsinstallation, maintenance and changing from one location of the fieldsto another.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. Draw-works for installation on the derrick floor as a complete andindependent unit comprising a one piece metal base, uprights integralwith said base, horizontal line and drum shafts mounted on said uprightswith the axis of the line shaft substantially below the horizontal planepassing through the axis of the drum shaft, sprockets on said shafts andchain connections between the line shaft and the drum shaft sprocketsfor driving the latter at different speeds, and levers mounted on saidbase for controlling said connections.

2. Draw-works comprising a metal base having a pair of spaced uprightsintegral therewith, horizontal line and drum shafts mounted on saiduprights with the axis of the line shaft substantially below thehorizontal plane passing through the axis of the drum shaft, sprocketson said shafts and chain connections between the line shaft and the drumshaft sprockets for driving the latter at different speeds, a sprocketmounted on one upright below the drum shaft and driven from the lineshaft, and a companion sprocket rotating therewith adapted to beconnected to a rotary drill.

3. A self contained draw-works comprising a base composed of ahorizontal plate adapted to be secured to the floor of a derrick andhaving parallel vertical side plates rising integrally from the floorplate adjacent the ends thereof, a horizontal shaft carrying a hoistingdrum mounted in said side plates, a horizontal line shaft mounted insaid plates in front of the drum shaft and substantially below thehorizontal plane passing through the axis of said drum shaft, a drivensprocket fast on said line shaft, sprockets loose on said line shaft,sprockets loose on said drum shaft respectively connected to thesprockets loose on said line shaft, adapted to effect different speedsof said drum, clutches for the sprockets on said line shaft, a leverfulcrumed on the base for operating said clutches, clutches for thesprockets loose on said drum shaft, levers fulcrumed on the baserespectively connected to said last mentioned clutches, a pair ofsprockets rotating together mounted on said base below said drum shaft,a sprocket loose on said line shaft connected to one of said pair, theother of said pair being connected to a rotary, a clutch for the lastmentioned sprocket, and a'separate lever fulcrumed on the base foroperating said last mentioned clutch.

4. A unitary draw-works comprising, a metal base adapted to be securedto the floor of a derrick composed of a horizontal plate having integralparallel vertical side plates in the form of a truncated rightangle'triangle rising from the floor plate near the ends thereof,horizontally alined bearings secured to the vertical edges of saidplates, a line shaft journaled in said bearings, horizontally alinedbearings secured to the hypotenuse edges of said plates, a shaftcarrying a hoisting drum mounted in said last named bearings, the axisof the line shaft being located substantially below the horizontal planepassing through the axis of the drum shaft, a cathead shaft mounted inbearings secured to the tops of said plates, a rotary driving meansmounted on said base below said drum shaft, and power takeoifs from theline shaft to the drum shaft. the cat head shaft, and the rotary drivingmeans.

5. A unitary draw-works comprising a metal base, a line shaft, a drumshaft, a cat head shaft, and a rotary driving means mounted on the basewith their axes horizontal and parallel, the line shaft and the rotarydriving means being located below the horizontal plane passing throughthe axis of the drum shaft and the cat head shaft being located abovesaid plane, power take-os from the line shaft to the drum shaft, the cathead shaft and the rotary driving means, and clutches for controllingsaid power take-offs, the clutch for controlling the power take-o to therotary being operable independently of the other clutches.

6. In a rotary drawworks, a unitary supporting frame comprising .abasevand uprights inte'- gral therewith, a line shaft mounted in theuprights at the base thereof and adapted to be driven by a prime mover,a cathead shaft mounted in said uprights higher than and parallel to theline shaft, a drum shaft mounted in said uprights below and parallel tothe cathead shaft, operative connections between the line shaft andcathead shaft, the cathead being at the top of the uprights and the lineshaft being on the side of the uprights opposite the drum shaft, anauxiliary shaft mounted below the drum shaft and having means mounted onsaid auxiliary for establishing a driving connection between the lineshaft and a rotary table.

VICTOR W. ZILEN.

